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Probabilistic Linguistics (Bradford Books)

Manufacturer: The MIT Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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Statistics in Language Studies (Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics)

ASIN: 0262523388

Book Description

For the past forty years, linguistics has been dominated by the idea that language is categorical and linguistic competence discrete. It has become increasingly clear, however, that many levels of representation, from phonemes to sentence structure, show probabilistic properties, as does the language faculty. Probabilistic linguistics conceptualizes categories as distributions and views knowledge of language not as a minimal set of categorical constraints but as a set of gradient rules that may be characterized by a statistical distribution. Whereas categorical approaches focus on the endpoints of distributions of linguistic phenomena, probabilistic approaches focus on the gradient middle ground. Probabilistic linguistics integrates all the progress made by linguistics thus far with a probabilistic perspective.

This book presents a comprehensive introduction to probabilistic approaches to linguistic inquiry. It covers the application of probabilistic techniques to phonology, morphology, semantics, syntax, language acquisition, psycholinguistics, historical linguistics, and sociolinguistics. It also includes a tutorial on elementary probability theory and probabilistic grammars.

The Evidential Foundations of Probabilistic Reasoning

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Interesting but incomplete

The Evidential Foundations of Probabilistic Reasoning
David A. Schum , and Suzanne Starace
Manufacturer: Northwestern University Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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Analysis of Evidence (Law in Context)
Causality: Models, Reasoning, and Inference
Anticipating Surprise: Analysis for Strategic Warning
Intelligence Analysis: A Target-centric Approach
Expert Political Judgment: How Good Is It? How Can We Know?

ASIN: 0810118211

Book Description

A detailed treatment regarding the diverse properties and uses of evidence and the judgmental tasks they entail. Examines various processes by which evidence may be developed or discovered. Considers the construction of arguments made in defense of the relevance and credibility of individual items and masses of evidence as well as the task of assessing the inferential force of evidence. Includes over 100 numerical examples to illustrate the workings of diverse probabilistic expressions for the inferential force of evidence and the subtleties they reveal.

Customer Reviews:

Interesting but incomplete.......2006-07-16

Schum and Starale have put together some very interesting commentary and analysis of questions about the role played by evidence related issues in the history of probability and decision science,as well as current evaluations concerning evidence in recent work done in fuzzy logic,possibility theory,Bayesian conditionalization,networks,etc.
The most interesting chapter is chapter 5 .Its major flaw is a very incomplete overview of Keynes's contributions to questions about the role played by evidence in probability and decision theory in chapter 26 of the TP CONCERNING HIS INDEX,W, TO MEASURE THE COMPLETENESS OF THE EVIDENCE as well as Keynes's decision rule,c,the conventional coefficient of risk and weight;the other major omission is the failure to provide any discussion whatsoever of the important contribution made by D.Ellsberg in his famous 1961 article on ambiguity in decision making in the Quarterly Journal of Economics.The book's positive aspects are a very wide ranging coverage of the grading of probabilities,the standard numerical,tree diagram Pascalian probabilities,L Jonathan Cohen's Keynes like Baconian probabilities in section 5.5,Dempster(Shafer)belief functions,precision versus imprecision in probabilistic assessment and elicitation, fuzzy set theory, and fuzzy logic theory.

The authors are certainly correct when they conclude that Keynes was the first to explicitly differentiate between the weight and the probability of an outcome(see p.256).Carnap's 1950 belief that Peirce was the first overlooks the fact that the standard error of the estimate is a probabilisticly related term.OF course,Keynes discussed the fact that hypotheses with high evidential weight also usually would have minimal standard errors of the estimate,meaning that the standard error could sometimes be used as an approximation of the weight in Science related areas where there is a great deal of replication and duplication of work where the basic phenomenon studied consists of data which is stable,uniform,homogeneous and repetitive throughout time

On the other hand,the authors commit a stunning error in their claim(see p.314) that Keynes used a single Pascalian probability to grade the credibility-related characteristics of an evidence source.They completely overlook the interval valued nature of Keynesian probabilities presented by Keynes in chapters 15 and 17 of his 1921 A Treatise on Probability(TP).THEY CONSIDER ONLY CHAPTER 16 IN ISOLATION FROM THE REST OF THE BOOK.The failure to integrate a discussion of Keynes's chapter 26 extension of the chapter 6 accounts of the weight of the argument(evidence)is most likely the reason why this error was committed .This error means that the authors have no real understanding of the fundamental foundations underlying Keynes's general,logical approach to probability.The Pascalian calculus has a role to play but it is subservient to the Baconian approach.

Probabilistic methods in linguistic analysis (Studien zur Mustererkennung)

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Probabilistic methods in linguistic analysis (Studien zur Mustererkennung)
Jurgen Haas
Manufacturer: Logos
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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Computer Processing of Oriental Languages. Beyond the Orient: The Research Challenges Ahead: 21st International Conference, ICCPOL 2006, Singapore, December ... (Lecture Notes in Computer Science)

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Computer Processing of Oriental Languages. Beyond the Orient: The Research Challenges Ahead: 21st International Conference, ICCPOL 2006, Singapore, December ... (Lecture Notes in Computer Science)

Manufacturer: Springer
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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Book Description

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computer Processing of Oriental Languages, ICCPOL 2006, held in Singapore in December 2006, colocated with ISCSLP 2006, the 5th International Symposium on Chinese Spoken Language Processing.

The 36 revised full papers and 20 revised short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 169 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on information retrieval, document classification, questions and answers, summarization, machine translation, word segmentation, chunking, abbreviation expansion, writing-system issues, parsing, semantics, and lexical resources.

Grammatical Inference: Algorithms and Applications: 8th International Colloquium, ICGI 2006, Tokyo, Japan, September 20-22, 2006, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science)

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Grammatical Inference: Algorithms and Applications: 8th International Colloquium, ICGI 2006, Tokyo, Japan, September 20-22, 2006, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science)

Manufacturer: Springer
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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ASIN: 3540452648

Book Description

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th International Colloquium on Grammatical Inference, ICGI 2006, held in Tokyo, Japan in September 2006.

The 25 revised full papers and 8 revised short papers presented together with 2 invited contributions were carefully reviewed and selected from 44 submissions. The topics of the papers presented range from theoretical results of learning algorithms to innovative applications of grammatical inference and from learning several interesting classes of formal grammars to applications to natural language processing.

Deductive, Probabilistic and Inductive Dependence: An Axiomatic Study in Probability Semantics

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Deductive, Probabilistic and Inductive Dependence: An Axiomatic Study in Probability Semantics
Georg J. W. Dorn
Manufacturer: Peter Lang Publishing
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback

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ASIN: 0820432059

Book Description

The book combines a research report on semantical dependence relations with an elementary introduction to probability semantics. Probability semantics is that branch of probability theories which assigns probability values to formulae of logical languages. The theoretical framework of the first part of the book is a version of standard probability theory, that of the second part a version of one of Popper's probability theories. The method in both cases is strictly axiomatic. Since in such an approach it is the theorems derived from the axioms that tell us what there is to tell, this book consists mostly of theorems and proofs, although, of course, the main theorems obtained are discussed, and their relevance for philosophy of science, especially for Popper's anti-inductivism, is argued. The book may be studied in logic courses as well as in seminars on philosophy of science; it can also serve as a systematic reference book to more than 1000 theorems in probability semantics.

Advances in Probabilistic and Other Parsing Technologies (Text, Speech and Language Technology, Volume 16) (Text, Speech and Language Technology)

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Advances in Probabilistic and Other Parsing Technologies (Text, Speech and Language Technology, Volume 16) (Text, Speech and Language Technology)

Manufacturer: Springer
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Hardcover

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ASIN: 0792366166

Book Description

Parsing technology is concerned with finding syntactic structure in language. In parsing we have to deal with incomplete and not necessarily accurate formal descriptions of natural languages. Robustness and efficiency are among the main issuesin parsing. Corpora can be used to obtain frequency information about language use. This allows probabilistic parsing, an approach that aims at both robustness and efficiency increase. Approximation techniques, to be applied at the level of language description, parsing strategy, and syntactic representation, have the same objective. Approximation at the level of syntactic representation is also known as underspecification, a traditional technique to deal with syntactic ambiguity.
In this book new parsing technologies are collected that aim at attacking the problems of robustness and efficiency by exactly these techniques: the design of probabilistic grammars and efficient probabilistic parsing algorithms, approximation techniques applied to grammars and parsers to increase parsing efficiency, and techniques for underspecification and the integration of semantic information in the syntactic analysis to deal with massive ambiguity.
The book gives a state-of-the-art overview of current research and development in parsing technologies. In its chapters we see how probabilistic methods have entered the toolbox of computational linguistics in order to be applied in both parsing theory and parsing practice. The book is both a unique reference for researchers and an introduction to the field for interested graduate students.

Space-efficient deterministic simulation of probabilistic automata (Technical report / University of Rochester, [Dept. of] Computer Science)

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Space-efficient deterministic simulation of probabilistic automata (Technical report / University of Rochester, [Dept. of] Computer Science)
Ioan I Macarie
Manufacturer: University of Rochester, [Dept. of] Computer Science
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Unknown Binding

Closure properties of stochastic languages (Technical report / University of Rochester, [Dept. of] Computer Science)

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Closure properties of stochastic languages (Technical report / University of Rochester, [Dept. of] Computer Science)
Ioan I Macarie
Manufacturer: University of Rochester, [Dept. of] Computer Science
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Unknown Binding

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Probabilistic Linguistics (Bradford Books)
The MIT Press
Manufacturer: The MIT Press
ProductGroup: Book
Binding: Paperback
ASIN: B000OQVJOG

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